Relativizing Human Rights

"Human Rights"؛ "Citizen Rights"؛ "Human Rights Declaration"؛ " Middle Eastern States"

حقوق بشر و حقوق شهروندی از حقوق ذاتی و طبیعی انسان نشأت گرفته و در طول تاریخ بین اندیشمندان مناطق مختلف جهان و همچنین در مکاتب الهی توجه خاصی به آنها شده است. اما متاسفانه تا پایان جنگ جهانی دوم حقوق بشر بصورت گسترده اقبالی کسب ننمود. اگر چه با اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر سال 1948 و دیگر کنوانسیون های مربوطه، حقوق بشر شکل جهان شمولی بخود گرفته ولی هنوز بسیاری از دولتهای خاورمیانه حاضر به پذیرش تمامی...

Relativizing Relativity

In what follows, we shall study two signal types with two different signal velocities generating two different sets of Lorentz frames associated with two types of ``light'' cones. (A generalization to an arbitrary number of signals is straightforward.) This may seem implausible and even misleading at first, since from two different ``maximal'' signal velocities only one can be truly maximal. On...

Red Reason and Green Rights Illuminationist.Anthropology and Human Rights

Relativizing Chaitin’s Halting Probability

As a natural example of a 1-random real, Chaitin proposed the halting probability Ω of a universal prefix-free machine. We can relativize this example by considering a universal prefix-free oracle machine U . Let ΩU be the halting probability of U A; this gives a natural uniform way of producing an A-random real for every A ∈ 2ω . It is this operator which is our primary object of study. We can...

Relativizing Function Classes

The operators min·, max·, and #· translate classes of the polynomial-time hierarchy to function classes. Although the inclusion relationships between these function classes have been studied in depth, some questions concerning separations remained open. We provide oracle constructions that answer most of these open questions in the relativized case. As a typical instance for the type of results...